Realisierung eines optimierten Feldbussystems und Modellierung mit Petrinetzen

Eine unüberschaubare Anzahl von Feldbussystemen wird derzeit in der industriellen Automatisierungstechnik eingesetzt und drängt verstärkt in neue Anwendungsfelder wie Gebäude- und Fahrzeugautomatisierung. Haupthindernis für eine schnelle Verbreitung sind hohe Kosten, die aus der Komplexität und Vielfalt der Systeme entstehen. Die Arbeit stellt methodische Grundlagen der strukturierten Systementwicklung vor und führt in die Nutzung von Petrinetzen als Beschreibungsmittel ein. Neben der Softwaremodellierung wird dabei der Zusammenhang zwischen struktureller- und Verhaltensmodellierung dargestellt. Nach Betrachtung der Übertragungstechniken im Feldbereich werden Zugriffsstrategien mit Petrinetzen modelliert und marktübliche Systeme verglichen. Eine Definition von Zielen und Anforderungen zeigt anschließend den Weg zu einem optimierten Feldbussystem auf. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein System entworfen, welches jedem Interessenten ein einfaches aber effektives und universelles System großer räumlicher Ausdehnung unter Nutzung preiswerter, robuster Bauteile und Übertragungsmedien bereit stellt. Die Softwarestrukturen werden mit Hilfe von Petrinetzen modelliert und insbesondere die Möglichkeiten der Nutzung eines Petrinetztools zur Dokumentation sowie einer zukünftigen direkten Codegenerierung für ressourcenoptimierte Mikrocontrollersysteme aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird eine Validation anhand der Realisierung des optimierten Feldbussystems mit Messungen am realen System durchgeführt.An immense number of field bus systems is currently used in industrial automation and is expanding more and more into new application fields as facility management and vehicle automation. Main obstacle for a fast spreading are high costs, which result from the complexity and variety of the systems. The thesis describes methodical foundation of the structured system development and introduces to the use of Petrinets as description technique. Apart from the software modelling also the interrelation between structural and behavioural modelling is presented. After a closer examination of the transmission techniques within the field range, medium access strategies are modelled with Petrinets and usual market systems are compared. A definition of goals and requirements shows afterwards the way to an optimised field bus system. For this purpose a system is designed, which makes available a simple however effective and universal system of large spatial expansion to each prospective under use of inexpensive, durable components and transmitting media. The software structures are modelled with Petrinets. In particular the possibilities of the use of a Petrinet tool for the documentation as well as a future direct generation of program code for resource optimised microcontroller systems are presented. Finally the realisation of the optimised field bus system is validated with measurements of the material system

Facilitating Inter-Domain Synergies in Ambient Assisted Living Environments

Current Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) environments lack integration of sensors and actuators of other sub-domains. Creating technical and organizational integration is addressed by the BASIS project (Build Automation by a Scalable and Intelligent System), which aims to build a cross-domain home bus system. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview of design, architecture and state of realization of BASIS by describing the requirements development process, underlying hardware design and software architecture. We built a distributed system of one independent building manager with several redundantly meshed segment controllers, each controlling a bus segment with any number of bus nodes. The software system layer is divided into logical partitions representing each sub-domain. Structured data storage is possible with a special FHIR based home centered data warehouse. The system has been implemented in six apartments running under daily living conditions. BASIS integrates a broad range of sub-domains, which poses challenges to all project partners in terms of a common terminology, and project management methods, but enables development of inter-domain synergies like using the same sensor and actuator hardware for a broad range of services and use cases

A railway demonstrator model for experimental investigation of integrated specification techniques

Summary: In the paper conceptual and physical realisation of a railway demonstrator model is presented. The main purpose of its design is a validation of different control algorithms specified by different project groups in real operating conditions. Conceptual tasks of the realisation are the specification of the target operational behaviour and the derivation of functional structure of the railway model. According to the users requirements several utilisation options are being considered. Furthermore the implementation concept is described.